09 Apr How Do I Create Classes In Python?
In Python, you can create classes using the class keyword followed by the class name and a colon. Here’s a basic syntax for creating a class:
class ClassName:
# class variables and methods
Inside a class, you can define variables and functions that are associated with the class. These variables and functions are known as attributes and methods, respectively.
For example, let’s say you want to create a class called Person to represent a person with a name and an age. Here’s how you could define the Person class:
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def say_hello(self):
print("Hello, my name is {} and I am {} years old.".format(self.name, self.age))
In this example, we define the Person class with two attributes: name and age. We also define a method called say_hello() that prints a greeting using the person’s name and age.
The __init__() method is a special method that is called when a new instance of the class is created. It is used to initialize the class attributes with values provided as arguments when the instance is created. The first argument of any method in a class is always self, which refers to the instance of the class that the method is called on.
To create an instance of the Person class, you can simply call the class and pass in the required arguments:
person1 = Person("John", 30)
person2 = Person("Jane", 25)
Now, you can access the attributes and methods of the instances using the dot notation. For example, to print the greeting for person1, you would call the say_hello() method like this:
person1.say_hello() # Output: Hello, my name is John and I am 30 years old.
In addition to attributes and methods, classes can also have class-level variables and methods that are shared among all instances of the class. To define a class-level variable, simply define a variable inside the class but outside any methods. To define a class-level method, use the @classmethod decorator before the method definition.
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